Alprazolam

Absorption	Readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 80-90%.
Volume of distribution	Not Available
Protein binding	80% (mainly to albumin)
Metabolism	Hepatic. Hydroxylated in the liver to α-hydroxyalprazolam, which is also active. This and other metabolites are later excreted in urine as glucuronides. Enzyme Metabolite Reaction Km Vmax Cytochrome P450 3A5 alpha-Hydroxyalprazolam hydroxylation Cytochrome P450 3A4 4-Hydroxyalprazolam 4-hydroxylation Cytochrome P450 3A4 4-OH Alprazolam 4-hydroxylation 81 3470.16 Cytochrome P450 3A4 1'-OH Alprazolam 1'-hydroxylation 55 69.75 Cytochrome P450 2C9 alpha-Hydroxyalprazolam hydroxylation Cytochrome P450 2C19 alpha-Hydroxyalprazolam hydroxylation
Route of elimination	Alprazolam and its metabolites are excreted primarily in the urine.
Half life	6.3-26.9 hours
Clearance	2.13 +/- 0.54 mL/min/kg [CYP3A inducers] 0.90 +/- 0.21 mL/min/kg [without CYP3A inducers]
Toxicity	Oral, mouse: LD50=1020 mg/kg. Symptoms of overdose include confusion, coma, impaired coordination, sleepiness, and slowed reaction time.
Affected organisms	Humans and other mammals
Pathways	Not Available